Following are the application of biotechnology in field of medicine-
1. Antibody production – Antibodies are the protein molecules produced by B and T lymphocytes in the body which develop an immune system. Antibody is produce by hybridoma technology. Since the antibody produced by a hybridoma is biochemically pure, it is called monoclonal antibody. These antibodies defened the body against microorganisms. Antibodies are used for detection of animals and plants diseases.
2. Production of human and animals vaccines – New biotechnology can be applied to produce human and animal vaccines. Vaccines for food and mouth diseases, cancer, polio, tuberclousis, etc. have been developed.
3. Diagnosis of infection diseases – Advancement in biotechnology has made it possible to make an easy, early, quick and correct diagnosis of infections diseases. Diagnostic kits have been developed for AIDS, cancer, foot and mouth diseases, tuberculosis, etc. using the biotechnolgy tools like Enzymes Linked Immuno-sorbant Assay (ELISA), PCR based technique and RIA Assays.
4. Hormones enzymes and chemicals – Many hormones enzymes and chemicals for the pharmaceuticals have been produced. First biotechnology product is the insulin. Penicilline, streptomycin, kanamycin, tertracycline, growth hormones, proteases, amylase, pectidases, etc. are the products of biotechnology.
5. Production of antibiotics and vitamins – Using the genetic engineering technique, various antibiotics have been developed and are being in use.
6. Transfer of gene – The gene of interest can be inserted into body using recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering.
c) applications in the field of fermentation :
ii. Use in brewing alcoholic beverages like wine.
iii. Use as an agent in manufacture of idli, dosa etc.
d) application in the field of sewage treatment
different types of bacteria, fungi, and algae also take part in removal of organic matter in the sewage.
e) application in the field of bio-gas
Biogas of gobar gas is produced by fermentation of cow dung, farm refuge, garbage etc. by methane bacteria in anaerobic conditions. The organic remains of biogas plant can be used as manure.
f) Application in the field of organic acids
Biotechnology is also used for the production of lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acids, etc.
Biotechnology is one of the fastest moving and most exciting areas of secience today. Due to new biotechnology which has stored unlimited possibilities of its applicationof genetic engineering and hybridoma technology, the progress has been very rapid. As a result, substantial improvements in human and health care and production of useful breeds of plants and animals have already occurred and more will occur in coming year.
Society has already gained a lot from new biotechnology. Human insulin, first product of biotechnology, was released for sale in 1982.
Following are the application of biotechnology in field of medicine-
1. Antibody production – Antibodies are the protein molecules produced by B and T lymphocytes in the body which develop an immune system. Antibody is produce by hybridoma technology. Since the antibody produced by a hybridoma is biochemically pure, it is called monoclonal antibody. These antibodies defened the body against microorganisms. Antibodies are used for detection of animals and plants diseases.
2. Production of human and animals vaccines – New biotechnology can be applied to produce human and animal vaccines. Vaccines for food and mouth diseases, cancer, polio, tuberclousis, etc. have been developed.
3. Diagnosis of infection diseases – Advancement in biotechnology has made it possible to make an easy, early, quick and correct diagnosis of infections diseases. Diagnostic kits have been developed for AIDS, cancer, foot and mouth diseases, tuberculosis, etc. using the biotechnolgy tools like Enzymes Linked Immuno-sorbant Assay (ELISA), PCR based technique and RIA Assays.
4. Hormones enzymes and chemicals – Many hormones enzymes and chemicals for the pharmaceuticals have been produced. First biotechnology product is the insulin. Penicilline, streptomycin, kanamycin, tertracycline, growth hormones, proteases, amylase, pectidases, etc. are the products of biotechnology.
5. Production of antibiotics and vitamins – Using the genetic engineering technique, various antibiotics have been developed and are being in use.
6. Transfer of gene – The gene of interest can be inserted into body using recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering.
c) applications in the field of fermentation :
i. Use of yeast in industries for the preparation of alcohol ( the first biotechnology product)
ii. Use in brewing alcoholic beverages like wine.
iii. Use as an agent in manufacture of idli, dosa etc.
d) application in the field of sewage treatment
different types of bacteria, fungi, and algae also take part in removal of organic matter in the sewage.
e) application in the field of bio-gas
Biogas of gobar gas is produced by fermentation of cow dung, farm refuge, garbage etc. by methane bacteria in anaerobic conditions. The organic remains of biogas plant can be used as manure.
f) Application in the field of organic acids
Biotechnology is also used for the production of lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acids, etc.
